Climate Essays - Atmospheric Thermodynamics, Psychrometrics, Climate

Climate Essays - Atmospheric Thermodynamics, Psychrometrics, Climate Climate In order to investigate the effects of geography on climate, I selected two cities, both on the same continent, both at approximately the same latitude, and both on major bodies of water. I compared the monthly temperature and precipitation averages of New York City with the monthly temperature and precipitation averages of San Francisco. I also recorded the daily temperatures of the two cities over the course of three months. What I found is reflected in this report. New York City and San Francisco are very similar. New York is at 38? north latitude and San Francisco is located at 41? north Latitude. Each borders an ocean. New York is on the east coast of the United States, on the Atlantic Ocean; San Francisco is on the west coast, on the Pacific Ocean. New York?s climate varies widely during the year. The temperature rises to the middle 90?s ? Fahrenheit in the summer and drops to single digits in the winter. New York averages about 45 inches of precipitation per year. In San Francisco, the temperature rises to over 100? Fahrenheit. By comparison, the temperature usually does not drop below 20? Fahrenheit. San Francisco receives little rain compared to New York, only about 15 inches of precipitation per year, about one-third of New York?s average. Heat is a result of insolation. Insolation is radiation from the sun. Intensity of insolation goes down as the latitude of an area increases. Thus, a location at 10? north latitude will receive more intense insolation than a location at 75? north latitude. As intensity of insolation goes up, the temperature will increase. Air pressure measures the amount of force exerted on the air. Air pressure goes up as the temperature goes up. New York?s average monthly temperature varies very much. The highest average temperature is 76? Fahrenheit, in July; the lowest average temperature is 31? Fahrenheit, in January. San Francisco?s average temperature does not vary as much. The highest average temperature is 61? Fahrenheit, in September; the lowest average temperature per month is 47? Fahrenheit, in December. New York?s average temperature per month varies very much more than San Francisco?s. Water moderates temperature. A city close to an ocean will have cooler summers and warmer winters. Both New York and San Francisco border water. Most of New York City is an island in the Atlantic Ocean. San Francisco is on the Pacific Ocean. The temperatures in New York and San Francisco will, therefore, be moderated. Graph #1 shows the results of these affects on the temperature of New York and San Francisco. The dewpoint temperature is the temperature at which clouds form. If there is moisture in the air from evaporation and the air temperature meets dewpoint temperature, the moisture will condense to form clouds. When there are clouds, and the air pressure goes up, there is a chance of precipitation. Precipitation is likely because the air can not hold as much water. New York has more precipitation than San Francisco. New York?s temperature drops very far in the winter, and the cold air cannot hold as much water. San Francisco?s temperature does not drop as far, and so it can hold more water. In July and August, San Francisco averages no precipitation. There is not very much moisture in the air and the temperature does not go down very far, so it does not precipitate at all. Graph #2 shows the average amount of precipitation per month for New York and San Francisco. Graph #3 shows the high and low temperatures for each day of December, 1996, in New York and San Francisco. Graph #4 shows the high and low temperatures for each day of January, 1997, in New York and San Francisco. Graph #5 shows the high and low temperatures for each day of February, 1997, in New York and San Francisco. The graphs reflect erratic highs and lows because of different changes in the weather, which could be attributed to any atmospheric changes. For example, an approaching storm could make the temperature fall several degrees. New York and San Francisco are similar because they are both close to water and because both are at approximately the same latitude. The climates in the two cities, however, are very different. The temperature in San Francisco does not change very much compared to the temperature of New York, where the temperature differs very much, from month to month. New York receives much more precipitation than San Francisco. This is because the temperature does not dip down very far

Best Great Gatsby Character Analysis

Best Great Gatsby Character Analysis SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Familiar with the characters of The Great Gatsby, but need to analyze one or more of them for an essay or class assignment? This article has got your back! In it, we'll discuss what the point of analyzing a book character is. We'll also talk about the dos and donts of writing a character analysis, essay, explaining how to go from an argument to finding evidence. Finally, we'll give you an example of how to develop an essay of this type by constructing one around the old money characters (Tom, Daisy, and Jordan). You'll also find links to our in-depth articles on each of The Great Gatsby's main characters, explaining their role and significance in the novel, key quotes for each, and some ideas for essay topics, really helping you pull together your thoughts about these characters! Why Write a The Great Gatsby Character Analysis Essay? By assigning a character analysis, your teacher is giving you the chance to practice many different writing and analysis skills, including: close reading incorporating evidence from the novel into an essay building a larger argument tying small details you notice while reading into one of the book’s larger themes The Great Gatsbyis the perfect book for character analysis since it features seven major characters that interact in interesting ways across gender and class lines.Since this novel has so many beautiful and fascinating bits of character description, it will also get youto practice using evidence from the text in an argument. So make sure that any character analysis you write builds on the skills you are learning in class! We will go over some do’s and don’t of character analysis below. Character Analysis Do's Here are some tips for constructing an excellent The Great Gatsbycharacter analysis essay. Createan Argument, Not Just a Topic There is a big difference between an essay topic and an essay argument. Most of the time,your teacher will giveyou an essay topic - in other words, what your essay should be about generally. Normally a topicwill involve connecting the character to one of the novel’s larger themes, especially money and materialism, the American Dream, love and desire, or the relationship between upper and lower classes in society. If you design your own topic, you could explain howyour chosen character illuminatesone of the novel's symbols or motifs. For our example, let's take the common prompt, â€Å"Write an essay about how either Tom, Daisy, or Jordan represents old money.† This essay assignment has the topicbuilt in: it wants you to takeone of those characters and explain how their individual qualities tie them to the bigger abstract idea of the old money class. But you still have to come up with the argument yourself. An argument is exactly what it sounds like - it's a point that you're trying to make by using reasons and evidence. There's an easy test for figuring out whether you're working with an argument. Could someone argue the opposite of what you're saying? Then yes, that's an argument. Otherwise, it's just a statement of fact.Plus, anessay anchored by a surprising assertion will immediately seem more interesting - how on earth are you going to prove this, your reader will be wondering. In our example essay, let's say that we've decided to analyze Tom. It'stempting to use something like this as the"argument": Tom's wealth and privilege show that he is part of the old money class. But could anyone argue the opposite? Not at all - because this is a factual description, not a contentious statement. Instead, anargument should make some kind of provocative, challengeable point: Tom Buchanan is an example of Nick’s scathing depiction of the old money class as fearful and insecure despite enormous privilege. Now, that someone could argue with! After all, Tom doesn't at first glance seem like someone who is fearful or insecure. Feeling like one of these goats means you're doing the argument right. Outline How You Will Prove Your Argument Make sure each paragraph is anchored by a thesis statement -a one-sentence summary of what part of your argument this particular paragraph is going to prove. Also, loosely plan out what evidence you will use to back up each paragraph's thesis statement. It can be helpful to create a simple outline before hand to guide how you’ll go about your essay. This will keep your essay clearly organized, and make writing easier. In our example essay, an outline could look like: Argument:Tom Buchanan is an example of Nick’s scathing depiction of the old money class as fearful and insecure despite enormous privilege. Paragraph 1: The trappings of Tom’s lifeshow his privilege and his insecurity. Evidence: fancy house polo horses enormous wealth year in France Paragraph 2: Tom actions constantly hint at his insecurity about his status. Evidence: depressed that his football glory days are behind him racist tirade shows he thinks the elite is about to be swept off the map has affairs only with lower-class women he can dominate Paragraph 3: Tom's constant policing of other people's behavior shows how much he wants to reinforce class divisions in the face of them eroding. Evidence: throwing money at Myrtle to buy ten dogs grousing about Gatsby misinterpreting the invitation from the Sloanes andmockingthe pink suit investigating Gatsby's criminal dealings even when already pretty sure Gatsby is a bootlegger Paragraph 4: Tom decisions around Myrtle's murder show that he is more cowardly than his intimidating physical presence leads us to believe. Evidence: manipulating George to kill Gatsby rather because he was scared of George's gun running away with Daisy rather than sticking around to face consequences Conclusion: Tom's privilege only heightens his sense of himself as a victim whose status is in danger of being usurped. Tom isa scathing portrait of old money royalty. Use and Analyze Evidence to Support Your Argument Bold arguments depend on a solid use of evidence to back them up. That means you can't just throw a quote into your writing and move on! Instead, use this rule of thumb: for each line of quoted text you insert, make sure you have 2-4 lines of your own explaining and interpreting the meaning of the quote as it relates to your argument. To back upour example argument, we would nowscour the book to find evidence of Tom being insecure or fearful. Once we've got something, though, it can't just be thrown into the essay willy nilly like this: Nick says that Tom was "one of those men who reach such an acute limited excellence at twenty-one that everything afterward savors of anti-climax" (1.16). Instead, wehave to connect thisdescription to thelarger argument, using close reading to really get at the meaning of the words Nick is choosing: Nick is pointing out that Tom's athletic achievements happened too long ago to keep feeding Tom's ego, Instead, because nothing has ever lived up to his football glory days, Tom is spending his time trying to avoid the depressing feeling of "anti-climax." Use Evidence to Address Counterarguments Because you've created an actually disputable argument, you can take the time to swat away the opposite position. In the example essay we've been constructing, we'rearguing that Tom Buchanan represents Fitzgerald’s critique of old money and is essentially an antagonist. We shouldaddress the idea thatTom is the novel's sharpest observer of people. (After all, unlike Nick, Tom immediately pegs Gatsby as a bootlegger.)This seemingly positive quality could be spun to be yet another example of Tom's insecurity - he is very quick to leap to judgment rather than giving people the benefit of the doubt. Character Analysis Don'ts Now that we've covered what youshoulddo in aGatsby character analysis essay, let's go over some mistakes you should avoid. Avoid Stating the Obvious Don’t just say what the character is like, list descriptions from the book, or summarize what the character did without adding any analysis. For example, don’t just say â€Å"Gatsby is flamboyant, throws big parties, and even wears a pink suit sometimes. He does all of this to try and win back Daisy, the love of his life.† All that does is summarize something that is obvious from the book. Instead, tie those observations to a larger idea. For example, â€Å"the extravagance of Jay’s parties and dress marks him as a member of the newly rich, allowing Fitzgerald to satirize the newly rich in America as he also critiques the cruelty of old money† or â€Å"Jay’s obsessive pursuit of Daisy reveals an unrealistic obsession with reliving the past.† Don’t Make All or Nothing Claims About a Character The beauty of this novel is that the statements â€Å"Daisy is a horrible person† or â€Å"Daisy is a misunderstood martyr† are both wrong. Instead, try and find the nuances, the good and the bad points of each character, and make them work for your bigger argument. For example, if you’re writing an essay about how Daisy represents the limited options available to women in the 1920s, you would likely be more sympathetic to some of her behavior, but you still shouldn’t excuse her hit-and-run! Don’t FocusonIncluding Every Single Scene or Line That Features Your Character Even for a short novel, Gatsby is jam-packed with meaningful dialogue, imagery, and plot events, and you couldn’t possibly analyze every single key moment for each character in one essay! (You could – and people have – write whole books on the subject!) Instead, focus on finding a few moments and analyzing them in detail, then tying them to your main point. Remember that the quality of analysis is worth morethan the quantity of evidence! Character Analysis Links Each of our character pages has a detailed section with analysis of each character. You can also get some helpful background information, a summary of the character’s actions in the book, and important quotes by and about them: Jay Gatsby Nick Carraway Daisy Buchanan Tom Buchanan Jordan Baker Myrtle Wilson George Wilson The Bottom Line onThe Great GatsbyCharacter Analysis Character analysis is achance to practice many different writing and analysis skills. To construct a character analysis essay: Createan argument -a debatable, provocative point that you're trying to make by using reasons and evidence. Use an outline to organize your essay: Anchoreach paragraph by a thesis statement -a one-sentence summary of what part of your argument this particular paragraph is going to prove. Loosely plan out what evidence you will use to back up each paragraph's thesis statement. Use evidence to back up your thesis statements. For each line of quoted text, have 2-4 lines of your own explanation relating to your argument. Take the time to swat away the counterarguments. What not to do when writing your essay: Avoid stating the obvious.Instead, tie observations to a larger idea. Don’t make all or nothing claims about a character.Instead, find the nuancesineach character, and make them work for your bigger argument. Don’t feel like you have to include every single scene or line that features your character. What’s Next? Want to get advice about comparing and contrasting characters? Head on over toour Compare/Contrast post to learn how to best write about common character pairings. Need a little more background on novel’s plot? Check out our Great Gatsbysummary, or look at a timeline of all of the events in chronological order. Interested in gettinghelp analyzing important symbols and motifs? Get an introduction to symbols in The Great Gatsbyand an overview of the novel's motifsto get started. 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