Our Parents Or Guardians Have The Biggest Influence On Our...

Our Parents or Guardians have the biggest influence in our lives. They are the ones that push us to succeed by either telling us in order to have a happy life you must attend college or they point at an old crippled, grimy man in crummy clothing, sleeping on the side of the road and tells us if you don’t go to college that is your future. We have all at some point of our lives heard the statement â€Å"knowledge is power† and we automatically think this means we must stay in school and attend college in order to be powerful, but like Malcolm x has proven you can be both knowledgeable and powerful without attending college , you just need to want to do something positive in your life. I grew up in a household where in order to do what you wanted you had to be getting good grades and this wasn t taught to us this was learned. I brought home the good grades and my parents knew this so they wouldn’t question me and basically I was ignored, and my brothers on the othe r hand were not so great the whole school staff knew my mother by how many parent meetings she had attended. My parents would applaud and treat my brothers when they got a C- on test and when I showed them the A+ I got they would just give me a pat on the back. It almost felt as if I never got any attention for working hard at school and began to question if doing good in school was even worth it. Now I should mention my parents had my sister and me pretty young so they never graduated high school. My mother has beenShow MoreRelatedModern Day Slavery808 Words   |  3 Pagesabolished years ago? Well no. Today there exists something known as human Sex Trafficking. Some might refer to this as prostitution, or rather sex working, but really, the word sex trafficking teaches refers to the inhumane and unfathomably abusive ways of our society. The State of California’s department of Justice refers to Human Trafficking as â€Å"controlling a person through force, fraud, or coerc ion to exploit the victim for forced labor, sexual exploitation, or both. The 2013 state ratings on Human TraffickingRead MoreThe Family Structure Of The United States977 Words   |  4 Pageswhich one or both folks have been married before and had kids and have remarried to shape another family structure also called a step family. Families are no more simply nuclear families. Nuclear family is made up of married folks living with their children. Families now have more muddled structures as compared to the nuclear families. Other family structures include cohabiting parents, lone parent families, homosexual parent families and extended families. The last 100 years have seen changes in legislationRead MoreThe Importance Of Gender Stereotypes1385 Words   |  6 Pages an example is assuming that women should only marry, have children, and become a housewife and another one is that all men should love sports and work. No matter where any children live, real talk about relationships, identity and sexuality should begin even sooner to decrease the negative forces of gender tasks. (Holly Brewer, 2017) Gender stereotypes happen the moment a baby’s gender is figured out. Once we find out that it is a girl, our first reaction is to decorate with the color pink. We automaticallyRead MoreThe Importance Of Teen Crime798 Words   |  4 PagesTeen crime is beginning to become a larger issue and threat to our society. There are many influences that affect young individuals to misbehave or act on criminality. A teens upbringing plays a huge role in whether or not they will commit crimes in their future. During a teens life they will experience road blocks or a depression in school affecting their learning and attendance which may be a threat to their actions knowing they are set up for failure. A big part regarding criminal behavior isRead MoreMissing Children1436 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Over the years our country, Malaysia has been bombarded with abundance of missing children/ children abduction cases. A statistic released by police of Malaysia, stated that a total of 3223 children below 18 went missing between 2008 and April last year (2012). Of this figure, only about 1000 cases were solved. From the statistic, it’s clearly shown that, over 3223 cases reported 2223 cases still unsolved. The questions are, how does it happen? Who should be blamed? What the impactRead MorePros and Cons of Organized Sports for Youths1702 Words   |  7 Pages Pros and Cons of Organized Sports for Youths Sports in America are one of the biggest sensations around. They are everywhere you turn and they become a big part of most people’s lives, whether they actually participate in the sport or just watch it on television. Media and television play a huge role in the obsession for sports. Constantly you see a professional athlete on a commercial, and see games on throughout the day. Also sports becomes a business, they sell their jerseys, or picturesRead MoreAn Event And Goals At Colorado Christian University Essay812 Words   |  4 Pages Esquibel.Session1.Journal I have been asked to describe an event or experience in my life that will influence my academic work and goals at Colorado Christian University. So many thoughts and memories surface I don’t know where to begin to make a long story short. I have survived so much I have no reason not to succeed her at Colorado Christian University. I lost my mother to breast cancer at the age of 14. My Father lived out of state at the time and returned to Colorado shortly after. My sisterRead MoreMy Life That Will Influence My Academic Work And Goals At Colorado Christian University Essay812 Words   |  4 PagesEsquibel.Session1.Journal I have been asked to describe an event or experience in my life that will influence my academic work and goals at Colorado Christian University. So many thoughts and memories surface I don’t know where to begin to make a long story short. I have survived so much I have no reason not to succeed her at Colorado Christian University. I lost my mother to breast cancer at the age of 14. My Father lived out of state at the time and returned to Colorado shortly after. My sisterRead MoreWhat are Agents of Socialization?1413 Words   |  6 PagesSocialization is a lifelong learning process essential for our development as human beings. Through socialization we acquire a sense of self as well as emotions. Socialization is an essential factor in shaping our behavior. Without socialization, people wouldnt be able to learn the language, symbols, values, and norms of the society their live in. They also wouldnt be able to find their place in society. Significant individuals and groups that have an impact on a persons socialization are referred toRead MoreMy Grandma1398 Words   |  6 Pagesgrandmother is the heart and soul of my huge family. At age six, my parents divorced and my mother got remarried, leaving my siblings and I behind to my half sister and grandmother’s care. The day I turned seven, my father passed away, leaving behind my eleven siblings and I. Although my dad had passed away, my grandma always said â€Å"it’ll be okay. You all still have us.† My mother signed paperwork making my half sister our legal guardian. Before she left, she told my siblings and I: â€Å"You are all like

The Cultural And Global Impact Of College Tuition And...

The Cultural and Global Impact of College Tuition and Student Loan Debt Introduction College debt is quickly rising as more students pursue a postsecondary education. Tuition is growing at a rate higher than inflation, thus forcing many students to make up the gap between income and tuition through loans (Houle). However, cultural factors must be considered before a young adult makes a decision about higher education. The type of postsecondary education one pursues, if any, is determined by many circumstances including socioeconomic status, race, and family background. Therefore these same factors impact the amount of student loan debt one acquires. At a global standpoint, the United States is among the nations with the highest amount of college debt with more than 1.2 trillion dollars in outstanding student loan debt according to CNBC, Consumer News and Business Channel (Holland). Although the amount of student debt in each country varies, similar cultural factors impact all students. Socioeconomic Status Tuition and finances are among the most commonly inquired topics regarding college. Socioeconomic status, one’s social and economic position within society, directly and indirectly influences the ability to attend college. It directly relates to the financial aspect of higher education. One explanation for this is the human capital theory, which suggests a negative correlation exists between parents’ income and educational level and the amount of student loan debt theirShow MoreRelatedFreedom Of Life, Liberty, And The Pursuit Of Education1424 Words   |  6 Pagesof Education Until this past 2016 election, free college was a mere idea. That is, till’ a white headed democratic socialist informed us how that idea could very well be a possibility. Vermont Senator and 2016 Presidential election candidate, Bernie Sanders, was one of the biggest supporters of tuition-free colleges. He introduced an idea that not only was completely doable but highlighted main reasons why we should have tuition-free colleges. Through the use of multiple sources on education weRead MoreStudent Loan System For College Students1212 Words   |  5 PagesStudent Loan System Throughout the ages, society has evolved to overcome the challenges it faces from one generation to the next, by learning and advancing further than the previous ones. It has undergone a vast number of changes; however, mankind has never undermined the importance and necessity of a complex and well-educated society. Moreover, it is the duty of each one of us to make sure that the next generation takes a step further than the previous one. With this in mind, society has understoodRead MoreStudent Loan System For College Students1212 Words   |  5 PagesStudent Loan System Throughout the ages, society has evolved to overcome the challenges it faces from one generation to the next, by learning and advancing further than the previous ones. It has undergone a vast number of changes; however, mankind has never undermined the importance and necessity of a complex and well-educated society. Moreover, it is the duty of each one of us to make sure that the next generation takes a step further than the previous one. With this in mind, society has understoodRead MoreThe Rising Costs Of College Attendance1396 Words   |  6 PagesAs we are experiencing a time of rising student debt and high unemployment, how do we define a â€Å"right price† for higher education and what value does it hold? Annually, the federal Higher Education Act (HEA) currently provides up to $38 billion in loans to postsecondary education, $14 billion for programs and more than $10 billion in Pell Grants are awarded to college students. The Department of Education administers policies that are inclusive of and accountability for all levels of the systemRead MoreSigp Grant Proposal — Joel Alvarez-Rinconeà ±o. 1.Taking950 Words   |  4 Pagespowerful and complex history. Previously, I studied abroad in Santiago, Chile for two months. Participating in this abroad program reinforced and improved my adaptability in differing cultural and social environments. Given this experience, I have been inspired to continue traveling and exploring the world during college. Currently, I am on the track to declaring a major in sociology, a minor in English, and obtaining an integrated marketing communications certificate. Teaching English in Thailand willRead MoreMy Career Path : How My Goals Fit Into A National And Global Economic Landscape1722 Words   |  7 Pageslifestyle goals, allows reality to sink in. In order to understand the impact of my economic decisions, I began by creating a plan for my chosen career path, how my career goals fit into a national and global economic landscape, and steps I would take it career setbacks were presented. Through intensive research and planning a successful future career path, I have been able to understand how the economic decisions I have made have an impact on my personal future along with how the actions of a single individualRead MoreThe Value Of A College Degree1862 Words   |  8 PagesThe Value of a College Degree Given the huge rise in college tuition, a commonly asked question by college students is whether a college degree is really worth the cost. Most will graduate with debt from loans and ponder if a degree will actually make a significant amount of difference in future earnings versus those with a high school diploma. There are many considerations in acquiring a college education: what to major in, what colleges offer that major, can I afford it, will loans or scholarshipsRead MoreEducation response Essay example43180 Words   |  173 Pagesareas 19 Chapter 3 Making the grade 27 Chapter 4 Getting ready – reaching out to potential applicants 33 Chapter 5 Getting in – university admissions 45 Chapter 6 Staying in – student retention 59 Chapter 7 Getting on – student outcomes 67 Chapter 8 How government can help 75 Annex Acknowledgements 87 References 89  © Crown copyright 2012 You may reuse this information (not including logos) free of chargeRead MoreWhy The Middle Class And Poor Are Deteriorating Today s Economy3217 Words   |  13 Pagesdiscard. This socioeconomic separation can be explained through a systematic process of developing a system which benefits the wealthy, but has detrimental results to those of a lower class. There are many facts which clearly show the negative impact of outsourcing, the removal of job benefits, and the manipulation of the tax code in the United States. In 2003, taxes on dividends were decreased in a complex policy which was unfamiliar to most Americans, but it was of great economic and socialRead MoreThe Human Resources Management of Five-Star Hotel in China12630 Words   |  51 PagesManagement Studies Management Project Spring 2010 |Title of Project |: |The human resources management of Five-star hotel in China | |Student Name |: |LUI WING-HI | |Student Number |: |073042 | |Supervisor’s Name |: |Lolita Lau

Women as Sexsual Object Free Essays

Sexism – Women as Sexual Objects Since the beginning of time, women have always been described by men as having sexual appeal. However, most of the descriptions held a negative stigma in them. In Korea’s fairytale, there exists a mythical gumiho, a nine-tailed fox who could transform into a beautiful woman so that they can seduce unsuspecting men and eat their livers. We will write a custom essay sample on Women as Sexsual Object or any similar topic only for you Order Now What does this tells us? Men, beware! There are beautiful women out there who are out to trick you so that she can eat your liver. This reeks of sexism where women are held in negative assumptions. Media further reinforces this view by broadcasting shows, programs or video games that exploit women’s sexual appeal. In the past, women are blamed if they could allure other women’s men; they are said to be wicked and bad (or to used the common word, a whore). If they are raped, it will always be the women’s fault; they wore revealing clothes, they were seducing him, etc. The men were never blamed, at least not directly. They are absolved of any responsibilities towards the women, even if the women that they had raped became pregnant and were the subject of ridicule among other people. Even when the men are punished for their crimes, the women will always bear a stigma; they are considered to be dirty and have lower status than a slave. I watch a lot of Korean dramas. They usually are centered on the theme of love. There usually will be two types of woman characters in the story. First and foremost is the heroine. She can be a successful woman in her career, or a naive school girl, or a woman who is facing some difficulties in her life; they will always be identifiable because they are the good girl who are kind to others or are sympathetic to other’s plight. They will always get the heroes. Then, there are the other women on the other side of spectrum. They are usually the bad girl, the one who wanted to steal the heroes. They are the scheming temptresses, are two-faced and are out to get the heroine. However, in the end, justice will prevail and the bad girls will get what’s coming to her. This is a type of negative stereotyping. Either the girl is kind and innocent, or the girl is a wily seductress. The girl’s sexuality is viewed as a bad thing; her weapons in tricking mankind. Woman’s sexuality is further exploited in video games. A 1998 study found that a significant amount of games portrayed women as sex objects (Dietz). There have been a lot of Japanese adult video games published recently where the goal of the games is for the player to break the wills of the women characters and seduce them until they become his faithful sex slave. An example of this game is Gibo : Stepmother’s Sins. In this game, the player’s father had just gotten married and his new wife and her daughter had moved into the player’s house. The player had a grudge against his real mother because he had walk upon his mother while she was cheating on his father. He transferred his hatred towards his new mother,Misaki and tried very hard to seduce her in order to prove his point that all women are depraved and couldn’t contain their sexual wanton feelings to themselves. In the course of proving his point, he groped Misaki on the crowded public train and let everyone else see her stepmother being covered in his semen (after he covered his own pant, of course). He also installed small hidden camera in the bath room so that he can take a peek of Misaki and her daughter, Shiina showering and using the toilet at a later time. He repeatedly tried to bend Misaki’s will to match to his wants and punished her psychologically when she refused. For example, Misaki wanted them to feel like a real family and asked him to call her mom. He then slyly agreed to follow her request in exchange for a kiss on the lips. When she initially refused, he cajoled her into agreeing to his terms. This happens repeatedly throughout the game, even when she repeatedly says no, until her will is broken and she became his sex slave. This game cleverly avoided using physical violence to break the women characters; instead the player had to use psychological persuasions to get what he wants. Never the less, this game still degrades women and their sexuality. Then, there are video games where the player downright raped women to break their wills. RapeLay is one of these games. In this game, the player initially attempt to grope a girl named Aoi, but was arrested when she reported it. His parents bribed his way out though, and he planned to take revenge against Aoi for busting him by raping her as well as her mother and sister. The girls will be groped until they are aroused against their will, and then they are raped. Once a girl’s will is broken, you can count on her to help you molest her relatives. If she is pregnant, which happened when you choose to ejaculate inside her while having vaginal sex, you will have to force her to abort the baby if you want to live through the game. However, the girl will commit suicide after this by taking a poison pill. You are free to rape these women as long as the game doesn’t end. Though the sex themselves are non-consensual, there was never any violence nor torture while the player is raping the women. Usually, the women will give in after a while, and they even enjoyed the sex (supposedly). As you can see, this does not bode well with women. Are we supposed to assume that a woman will enjoyed the sex while she is being raped by a stranger, even though she initially resists his intention? If this is taken as a fact, then the ‘psycho’ will took this as a legitimate reason to rape women against their will because according to the video games, the women may resists it at first but they will enjoy it after a while. This misperception is dangerous for women. If the men believed this, then women are prone to be subjected to physical and emotional abuse in their relationships. A research by Apt and Hurlbert (1993) noted that women who experienced sexual abuse in their relationships expressed higher levels of sexual dissatisfaction and has negative attitudes toward sex. They also will have a tendency to avoid sex altogether compared to women who did not suffer any abuse whatsoever. This reality is a far cry from the games’ depiction that women enjoyed being raped. Even more disturbing is the possibility that women who experienced sexual violence may blame themselves for the experiences (Bennice et al. , 2003). Furthermore, in one research, college students rated female characters in video games to be more sexually provocative than the male characters (Ogletree Drake, 2007), which shows that these students have a negative perception towards women’s sexuality. Video games that feature women as a tough chick with guns have become popular during recent years. Lara Croft is one of them. This game features Lara Croft, the protagonist, who travels around the world in the mission of searching for rare and mystical artifacts. Lara is the ultimate sex symbol. She’s sexy, she’s brainy, she’s athletic, and she kicks and kills people, literally (or at least, she does in the video game). She is a powerful woman who can fight to protect herself. This is what Toby Gard, the creator of Lara Croft, intends for Lara to be; she is sexy because she is powerful. However, other people attributed her status as a sex symbol mainly because of her physical appearance, or to be exact, her body. Play Station Magazine even listed big breast as one of her famous physical attributes. It also help that the game is in 3D mode, which makes Lara body appears realistic, even when it is not. Lara’s body in reality is an image product of a man’s fantasy. When the game is adapted to real life film, Angelina Jolie, who played her had to wear padding on her breast to add the big breast effect to Lara’s character (Lara Croft has 36D cup size while Jolie’s is 36C). She also has to gain some weight to portray Lara’s curvaceous body. Angelina Jolie has stated that personally, she is comfortable with her own body and wouldn’t want breast as big as Lara’s. However, many players, especially men, appeared to be happy with Lara’s body. They performed in-game actions to view closer camera angles of her breast, and some fans also created cheat code that would make Lara removed her clothing. Some fans also created artworks called the Nude Raider, which featured images of Lara in the nude. It has become a trend nowadays to produce movies that featured women as a tough chick who are involved in violent fights. Example of one is Kill Bill, produced by Quentin Tarantino. It tells the story of the Bride, a ninja assassin, who is on a mission to kill all of her former assassin colleagues who took part in the massacre on her wedding day. She was shot in the head by Bill, her former boss and lover during her wedding day. The movie justify the Bride’s actions by acknowledging that she deserved her vengeance after being wronged by her boss and his entire assassin squad. The film was filled with action and violence all the way. The Bride went on a killing spree mission, assassinating the people on her kill list, and the sight was not pleasant. There are a lot of bloods splashed, gory images of limbs parting ways with the body. And funnily enough, almost all of the assassin squad is women. The only exception was Budd, Bill’s brother. This film glorifies women as killing machines. They are the absolute femme fatale whose looks can kill (literally). The heroine herself is a powerful woman, which in turn make her hot. Women embrace this perception of female aggressive sexuality. I myself, on occasion, dreamed of being a lethal woman, who can fight her way out of trouble. It is appealing to think of myself that way, because to me a femme fatale is both hot and sexy. I think the reason we find an aggressive women sexy is because we can protect ourselves from threats, and the notion of being able to fight is opposite to the traditional view of women’s femininity. Women has always been viewed as weak and relying on the strength of a man to protect them from harm, and the idea that we could defy that and be able to fight a man on our own are very appealing. The women are empowered by strength and the ability to handles weapons; it’s not hard to see why women are attracted to this view. Among other things, women are also affected by the ideal body portrayed in video games. In video games, the women character is busty and curvy while being thin at the same time. Of course, this is not realistically possible. It has been confirmed that young women usually compare themselves with the models they see in advertisement (Richins, 1991). And they don’t like what they see in themselves. However, women are still obsessed with achieving what they saw as the perfect body and go on extensive diet to acquire it. In the course they neglect to take proper care of their body. And when they still couldn’t achieve it, they are depressed and ashamed because they think they are fat, and their self confidences plummet down the drain. Men who played video games also have unrealistic perceptions toward women’s body. In video games, women characters are usually shown as having small breast, thin body and small hips. There has been several researches which show that there is a positive correlation between large breast and attractiveness (Furnham, Hester , Weir, 1990; Kelinke Staneski, 1980). In one study, Amy Rask surveyed the male student on which type of women’s body they think are realistic. The majority of them choose the drawing that showed a skinny woman with a large breast. This means that the male players are affected by the video games because the games altered their perceptions on realistically well-proportioned women’s body. In my Best Plan Paper, I used Utilitarian Theory to guide me in making decision that will affect people I never met. In this particular topic, I would take actions that will benefits everyone in the longer run. I think it would serve the society greater benefits if game makers start to portray the characters especially their physical appearance as realistically as possible. This way, the player will not be misinformed and have unrealistic expectations towards their own or other’s body. Violence against women should also be discouraged especially in video games and media. There should also be stricter rating system on violence. This way parents can avoid bringing their kids to the film that contains extensive violence. The available rating system on violence is too loose. For example, Kill Bill, which is a very violent film depicting gory killing scene, is granted PG-13 when it should only be viewed by teenage aged 18 and above only. The society should also be educated in the effect of violence and abuse on women, and if the media need to portray the violence on screen, they should be as minimal as possible and served as a reminder to educate the people on the effect this abuse will have on society’s harmony in general. Works Cited Rask, Amy. â€Å"Video Game Vixens: Shaping Men’s Perceptions of Beauty? † Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, TBA, San Francisco, CA, May 23, 2007 . http://www. allacademic. com/meta/p171095_index. html 5 March 2011 Rayhill, Ryan (August 2007). â€Å"Tomb Raider: Anniversary†. PlayStation Magazine (Future Publishing) (126): 82. Miller, Prairie. Angelina Jolie on Filling Lara Croft’s Shoes and D-Size Cups. NY Rock. June 2001 Web. http://www. nyrock. com/interviews/2001/jolie_int. sp 5 March 2011 Rapelay. Giant Bomb. Web. http://www. giantbomb. com/rapelay/61-16696/ 5 March 2011 Geddes, Dan. Kill Bill Vol. 1 (2003). The Satirist. 19 January 2004. Web. http://www. thesatirist. com/films/Killbill. html 5 March 2011 Offmann, Alia Matherson, Kimberly. Healthy Place. The Sexual Self-Perceptions of Young Women Experiencing Abuse in Dating Relationships. 1 November 2004 Web. http://www. healthyplace. c om/sex/abuse/the-sexual-self-perceptions-of-young-women-experiencing-abuse-in-dating-relationships/menu-id-66/ 5 March 2011 How to cite Women as Sexsual Object, Essay examples

Substitution and Income Effects Paper free essay sample

Behavior is how consumers allocate their money incomes among goods and services. Each consumer has preferences for certain of the goods and services that are available in the market. Buyers also have a good idea of how much marginal utility they will get from successive units of the various products they might purchase. However, the amount of marginal total utility that the people will get will be different for every individual in the group because all individuals have different taste and preferences. According to Maurice Thomas (2011) â€Å"marginal utility is an additional or incremental utility. Marginal utility is defined as the change in the total utility that results from unit one unit change in consumption of the commodity within a given period of time†(p. 169). There is an assumption that consumers engage in rational behavior. Therefore one can define a consumer as a rational person, who tries to use his or her money income to derive the greatest amount of satisfaction, or utility, from it. Consumers want to get the most for their money or, to maximize their total utility. Rational behavior also requires that a consumer not spend too much money irrationally by buying tons of items and stock piling them for the future, or starve themselves by buying no food at all. Substitution and Income The income effect describes how consumers react to an increase in purchasing power. For example, if the price of a good they normally buy falls, it leaves them with more money to buy other things. The substitution effect describes how consumers reallocate consumption of goods in response to changes in relative prices. So if the price of apples increases, a consumer might want more oranges, which seem more appealing now in light of the increased cost of apples. Droving less and purchasing less gasoline In this case we are just talking about one good, gasoline. It became costlier and hence we purchased less gas and travelled less. This can be explained by using the income effect. The effect of a change in the price of one of the goods is generally decomposed into the substitution effect and the income effect. According to the definition in the article Investopedia (2011), â€Å"the income effect is the change in an individuals or economys income and how that change will impact the quantity demanded of a good or service. The relationship between income and the quantity demanded is a positive one, as income increases, so does the quantity of goods and services demanded†(para 1). The substitution effect is the change in the quantity of that good consumed when the budget constraint reflects the new relative prices, but keeps the agent on the original indifference curve. Price change lowered your real income and hence you bought less gasoline. You cannot buy as much gas as before because of the higher price. With less money for gas, you can save by using your car less. Ate out less often This will involve both income and substitution effects since the price of two goods to take into account. The graph following this question can be used for a number of other parts as I will mention in each part as we go about doing it. In this case we have the price of oil going up while the price of eating out stayed the same. Say you start at point A on the figure. An increase in the price of oil will change the budge curve from the red line to the green line, since you can now afford less of oil, while you can afford the same quantity of eating outside. Thus you move from A to C. But we break this into two parts. To find that we need to draw a line that is parallel to the new budget line: the green dashed line. That is tangent to the old indifference curve at point B in the figure. This movement explains the substitution effect. One changes consumption from oil to eating out. But the price change also meant you’re your real income has fallen down. This is shown by a movement from B to C in the figure. That shift is the income effect. Thus the movement from A to B will be the substitution effect: you tend to buy cheaper products; while that from B to C will be income effect: you feel poorer. Thus the consumption of both oil and eating out fell down as the price of gas went up. A B C Second Good Gas Spent less to maintain your automobile. The same theory can be used for this question as well as in the graph. Even though the price of automobile maintenance didn’t rise, and the substitution effect says you spend more on maintenance the change in real income means you spend less on maintenance too. So in the graph you go from A to B (substitution effect) and from B to C (income effect). Take public transportation more often This can be just explained by using the substitution effect, which is substituting away from a higher priced activity (driving) to a lower priced alternative (public transportation). The price of public transportation didn’t change, and since driving became costly you drove less. You move from point A to point B on the graph. Bought a bicycle The substitution effect can be used to describe this action as well. This is the same situation as the public transportation. The substitution effect makes biking look better, even if your income was adjusted so that your real income did not change. This is shown by a movement from A to B on the graph. Not taking a vacation away from home Spending less on oil one would expect that one would spend that money on other goods, a movement from A to B on the curve. This is the income effect. There is not enough left after paying for gas to pay for a vacation. Since the real income has fallen a family can afford to take fewer vacations. This is shown by a movement to C. Thus move from A to C. Bought fewer cloths and made due with more around the home Buying new clothes more often and more expensive clothes is a consequence of the increase in wealth; hence decrease in wealth made me do less of this activity. Clothes still cost the same therefore the graph can be used to describe the substitution and income effect.